socket

socket is a low-level networking module in Python’s standard library that supports TCP/IP protocols. It allows developers to create client-server connections and is suitable for custom protocol development and network debugging. Although basic, it is flexible and essential for understanding network communication mechanisms.

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asyncio

asyncio is Python’s asynchronous I/O framework supporting coroutines, event loops, and async networking. It enables building high-performance concurrent network services like web servers and chat applications. The async/await syntax simplifies writing asynchronous code.

Twisted

Twisted is a mature event-driven networking engine supporting TCP, UDP, SSL/TLS, HTTP, SMTP, and more. Suitable for building asynchronous network servers and clients, it's widely used in real-time communications, game backends, and crawlers.

requests

requests is a simple and elegant HTTP client library supporting common methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. It provides session management, authentication, and file upload features, greatly simplifying interactions with web APIs and becoming one of the most popular libraries in modern Python networking.

urllib3

urllib3 is a powerful HTTP client library offering connection pooling, thread safety, compression, and redirection support. As the underlying dependency of requests, it's ideal for developers needing fine-grained control over HTTP requests.

aiohttp

aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server library built on asyncio. It supports non-blocking network communication and is ideal for building high-performance web services and async API calls, commonly used in modern Python async ecosystems.